Password Cracking
In and , password cracking is the process of recovering from that have been stored in or transmitted by . A common approach is to repeatedly try guesses for the password. Another common approach is to say that you have "forgotten" the password and then change it.The purpose of password cracking might be to help a user recover a forgotten password (though installing an entirely new password is less of a security risk, but involves system administration privileges), to gain unauthorized access to a system, or as a preventive measure by system administrators to check for easily crackable passwords. On a file-by-file basis, password cracking is utilized to gain access to digital evidence for which a judge has allowed access but the particular file's access is restrictedThe ability to crack passwords using computer programs is also a function of the number of possible passwords per second which can be checked. If a hash of the target password is available to the attacker, this number can be quite large. If not, the rate depends on whether the authentication software limits how often a password can be tried, either by time delays, or forced lockouts after some number of failed attempts. Another situation where quick guessing is possible is when the password is used to form a . In such cases, an attacker can quickly check to see if a guessed password successfully decodes encrypted data. For example, one commercial product claims to test 103,000 PSK passwords per second
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